CVE-2021-3418

Secure Boot bypass via unsigned kernel loading

Published Mar 15, 2021 · Updated Aug 3, 2024

Improper signature validation in GNU GRUB before 2.06 allows local users with administrative access to bypass UEFI Secure Boot. When GRUB is booted directly under a certificate trusted in UEFI db, its shim_lock verifier accepts and starts a kernel without validating that kernel's signature. The affected state is limited to upstream builds and distributions using shim_lock, and a tampered kernel then runs while the system reports Secure Boot lockdown.

CVSS severity6.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.47%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper signature validation in GNU GRUB before 2.06 allows local users with administrative access to bypass UEFI Secure Boot. When GRUB is booted directly under a certificate trusted in UEFI db, its shim_lock verifier accepts and starts a kernel without validating that kernel's signature. The affected state is limited to upstream builds and distributions using shim_lock, and a tampered kernel then runs while the system reports Secure Boot lockdown.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-3418
Published
Mar 15, 2021
Updated
Aug 3, 2024
Vendor
The GnuPG Project
Product
GNU GRUB
Classifications
CWE-281, T1542.003
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 15, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 3, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

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  1. Affected versionversion=Fixed in 2.06

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

The GnuPG Project · GNU GRUBversion=Fixed in 2.06

Published CVSS scores

6.4CanonicalCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.4NISTAV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-281Improper Preservation of Permissions
T1542.003Pre-OS Boot: Bootkit

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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