CVE-2021-33473Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Arbitrary file access via ImageMagick argument injection

Published Jun 2, 2022 · Updated Aug 3, 2024

Argument injection in Dragonfly 1.3.0 allows remote attackers to read and write arbitrary files through a crafted URL when URL verification is disabled. Dragonfly decodes generate and process instructions from the URL and incorporates attacker-controlled arguments into an ImageMagick convert command without restricting dangerous argument forms. Exploitation requires an application exposing Dragonfly URL endpoints with verify_urls set to false; file writes can lead to code execution under the application account.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability1.09%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Argument injection in Dragonfly 1.3.0 allows remote attackers to read and write arbitrary files through a crafted URL when URL verification is disabled. Dragonfly decodes generate and process instructions from the URL and incorporates attacker-controlled arguments into an ImageMagick convert command without restricting dangerous argument forms. Exploitation requires an application exposing Dragonfly URL endpoints with verify_urls set to false; file writes can lead to code execution under the application account.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-33473
Published
Jun 2, 2022
Updated
Aug 3, 2024
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-88, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 2, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 3, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.1NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
4.9NIST NVDAV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-88Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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