CVE-2021-32163Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authentication bypass via case-sensitive URL prefix matching

Published Feb 17, 2023 · Updated Mar 18, 2025

Authorization bypass in MOSN before 0.23.0 allows remote attackers to reach JWT-protected routes through case-varied URL paths. The jwtauthn prefixMatcher uses a case-sensitive prefix comparison even when the corresponding route match is case-insensitive. A protected /index prefix can therefore reject an invalid token for /index while forwarding /indeX to a case-insensitive backend.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.95%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authorization bypass in MOSN before 0.23.0 allows remote attackers to reach JWT-protected routes through case-varied URL paths. The jwtauthn prefixMatcher uses a case-sensitive prefix comparison even when the corresponding route match is case-insensitive. A protected /index prefix can therefore reject an invalid token for /index while forwarding /indeX to a case-insensitive backend.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-32163
Published
Feb 17, 2023
Updated
Mar 18, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-178, CWE-863, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 17, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 18, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-178Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
CWE-863Incorrect Authorization
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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