CVE-2021-28026Public exploit

Code execution via malformed permutation decoding

Published Mar 5, 2021 · Updated Aug 3, 2024

Heap buffer overflow in jpeg-xl 0.3.2 allows context-dependent attackers to execute code by supplying a malicious JXL file. ReadPermutation in lib/jxl/coeff_order.cc performs an out-of-bounds heap write during djxl decoding, but the public issue does not identify the unchecked value. Execution requires a user to decode the crafted file; successful corruption can crash djxl or execute code in its process.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability1.17%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Heap buffer overflow in jpeg-xl 0.3.2 allows context-dependent attackers to execute code by supplying a malicious JXL file. ReadPermutation in lib/jxl/coeff_order.cc performs an out-of-bounds heap write during djxl decoding, but the public issue does not identify the unchecked value. Execution requires a user to decode the crafted file; successful corruption can crash djxl or execute code in its process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-28026
Published
Mar 5, 2021
Updated
Aug 3, 2024
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-787, T1203
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 5, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 3, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.8NIST NVDAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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