CVE-2021-27851

Local privilege escalation via hardlink ownership change

Published Apr 26, 2021 · Updated Sep 17, 2024

Local privilege escalation in GNU Guix guix-daemon allows local users to gain write access to root-owned files through a failed build. In a multi-user setup, an unprivileged user makes a build directory world-writable, adds a hardlink to a root-owned file, and triggers build failure with --keep-failed so the daemon recursively transfers ownership of the linked inode. The attack requires local low-privileged access, a locally running privileged daemon, and control of a failing build; exploitation permits modification of files such as /etc/shadow.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.33%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Local privilege escalation in GNU Guix guix-daemon allows local users to gain write access to root-owned files through a failed build. In a multi-user setup, an unprivileged user makes a build directory world-writable, adds a hardlink to a root-owned file, and triggers build failure with --keep-failed so the daemon recursively transfers ownership of the linked inode. The attack requires local low-privileged access, a locally running privileged daemon, and control of a failing build; exploitation permits modification of files such as /etc/shadow.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-27851
Published
Apr 26, 2021
Updated
Sep 17, 2024
Vendor
GNU Guix
Product
guix-daemon
Classifications
CWE-59, CWE-264, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 26, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 17, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <v1.2.0-75109-g94f0312546
  2. Affected versionversion=v0.11.0-3298-g2608e40988 <unspecified

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

GNU Guix · guix-daemonversion=unspecified <v1.2.0-75109-g94f0312546; version=v0.11.0-3298-g2608e40988 <unspecified

Published CVSS scores

5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
2.1NIST NVDAV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-59Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CWE-264Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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