CVE-2021-25994Network attack vector

Account takeover via poisoned password-reset links

Published Jan 3, 2022 · Updated Aug 3, 2024

Host header injection in UserFrosting 0.3.1 through 4.6.2 allows remote attackers to take over accounts through password reset links. When site.uri.public is unset, the forgot-password flow derives its public origin from the attacker-controlled Host header and embeds that origin in the emailed reset link. Exploitation requires no account, but a targeted user must follow the poisoned link, exposing the reset token so the attacker can set a new password.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability1.55%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Host header injection in UserFrosting 0.3.1 through 4.6.2 allows remote attackers to take over accounts through password reset links. When site.uri.public is unset, the forgot-password flow derives its public origin from the attacker-controlled Host header and embeds that origin in the emailed reset link. Exploitation requires no account, but a targeted user must follow the poisoned link, exposing the reset token so the attacker can set a new password.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-25994
Published
Jan 3, 2022
Updated
Aug 3, 2024
Vendor
UserFrosting
Product
UserFrosting
Classifications
CWE-74, T1566.002, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 3, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 3, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0.3.1 <unspecified
  2. Affected versionversion=unspecified <=4.6.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

UserFrosting · UserFrostingversion=0.3.1 <unspecified; version=unspecified <=4.6.2

Published CVSS scores

8.8MendCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.8NIST NVDAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1566.002Spearphishing Link
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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