CVE-2021-23421Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Object prototype modification via unchecked property paths

Published Aug 11, 2021 · Updated Sep 17, 2024

Prototype pollution in merge-change before 3.0.0 allows attackers to modify Object.prototype through crafted property paths. The utils.set function splits a supplied path, recursively follows obj[currentPath], and assigns the final segment without rejecting proto, constructor, or prototype. Exploitation requires a consuming application to pass an attacker-controlled path; injected properties then affect objects sharing the prototype, while the ultimate consequence depends on application code that uses them.

CVSS severity5.6
Medium
EPSS probability1.08%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Prototype pollution in merge-change before 3.0.0 allows attackers to modify Object.prototype through crafted property paths. The utils.set function splits a supplied path, recursively follows obj[currentPath], and assigns the final segment without rejecting proto, constructor, or prototype. Exploitation requires a consuming application to pass an attacker-controlled path; injected properties then affect objects sharing the prototype, while the ultimate consequence depends on application code that uses them.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-23421
Published
Aug 11, 2021
Updated
Sep 17, 2024
Vendor
Vladimir Shestakov
Product
merge-change
Classifications
CWE-1321, CWE-915
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 11, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 17, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

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  1. Affected versionversion=0 <unspecified

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Vladimir Shestakov · merge-changeversion=0 <unspecified

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.6Snyk CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
7.5NIST NVDAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1321Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
CWE-915Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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