Request smuggling via ignored chunk extensions
Published Nov 3, 2021 · Updated Apr 30, 2025
HTTP request smuggling in affected Node.js releases through 16.11.0 allows remote attackers to inject requests through a proxy. The embedded llhttp parse function ignores chunk extensions while parsing chunked request bodies, causing disagreement with an intermediary about request boundaries. Reachability requires an HTTP conversation traversing a proxy, reverse proxy, or load balancer before the Node.js server; successful smuggling injects an arbitrary request into the back-end connection.
Summary
What happened
HTTP request smuggling in affected Node.js releases through 16.11.0 allows remote attackers to inject requests through a proxy. The embedded llhttp parse function ignores chunk extensions while parsing chunked request bodies, causing disagreement with an intermediary about request boundaries. Reachability requires an HTTP conversation traversing a proxy, reverse proxy, or load balancer before the Node.js server; successful smuggling injects an arbitrary request into the back-end connection.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2021-22960
- Published
- Nov 3, 2021
- Updated
- Apr 30, 2025
- Vendor
- Node.js
- Product
- Node.js
- Classifications
- CWE-444, T1190
- Attack vector
- network
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Nov 3, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Apr 30, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=10.0 <10.*
- Affected versionversion=11.0 <11.*
- Affected versionversion=12.0 <12.22.7
- Affected versionversion=13.0 <13.*
- Affected versionversion=14.0 <14.18.1
- Affected versionversion=15.0 <15.*
- Affected versionversion=16.0 <16.11.1
- Affected versionversion=4.0 <4.*
- Affected versionversion=5.0 <5.*
- Affected versionversion=6.0 <6.*
- Affected versionversion=7.0 <7.*
- Affected versionversion=8.0 <8.*
- Affected versionversion=9.0 <9.*
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
No public exploit references are available in this record.
Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.
Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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