CVE-2021-22945Network attack vector

Remote denial of service via MQTT pointer reuse

Published Sep 23, 2021 · Updated Jun 9, 2025

Double-free vulnerability in curl libcurl 7.73.0 through 7.78.0 allows remote attackers to cause denial of service via MQTT data sending. While sending MQTT data, libcurl retains a pointer after freeing its memory and reuses and frees that pointer again on a later send. Exploitation requires an MQTT transfer reaching the flawed path and can crash the curl process; the advisory reports no known exploitation in the wild.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability6.68%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Double-free vulnerability in curl libcurl 7.73.0 through 7.78.0 allows remote attackers to cause denial of service via MQTT data sending. While sending MQTT data, libcurl retains a pointer after freeing its memory and reuses and frees that pointer again on a later send. Exploitation requires an MQTT transfer reaching the flawed path and can crash the curl process; the advisory reports no known exploitation in the wild.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-22945
Published
Sep 23, 2021
Updated
Jun 9, 2025
Vendor
curl
Product
curl
Classifications
CWE-415, T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 23, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 9, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=curl 7.73.0 to and including 7.78.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

curl · curlversion=curl 7.73.0 to and including 7.78.0

Published CVSS scores

9.1NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-415Double Free
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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