CVE-2021-22159

SYSTEM command execution via unauthenticated agent function

Published Jan 26, 2021 · Updated Aug 3, 2024

Missing authentication in Proofpoint Insider Threat Management Windows Agent allows local users to execute commands as Windows SYSTEM. The vendor has not disclosed the critical agent function, but states that it fails to authenticate the caller before running arbitrary commands. Exploitation requires an authenticated local Windows account and grants SYSTEM-level command execution; macOS, Linux, and ITM Cloud agents are unaffected.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.33%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Missing authentication in Proofpoint Insider Threat Management Windows Agent allows local users to execute commands as Windows SYSTEM. The vendor has not disclosed the critical agent function, but states that it fails to authenticate the caller before running arbitrary commands. Exploitation requires an authenticated local Windows account and grants SYSTEM-level command execution; macOS, Linux, and ITM Cloud agents are unaffected.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-22159
Published
Jan 26, 2021
Updated
Aug 3, 2024
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-306, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 26, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 3, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

7.2NIST NVDAV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8ProofpointCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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