CVE-2021-20270Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Syntax-highlighting hang via zero-width state reentry

Published Mar 23, 2021 · Updated Aug 3, 2024

Infinite-loop denial of service in Pygments 1.5 through 2.7.3 allows attackers to hang syntax highlighting with crafted SML input. The SMLLexer zero-width lookahead for the exception keyword transitions back into the same lexer state without consuming input. Exploitation requires an application to submit attacker-controlled Standard ML text to SMLLexer; the affected highlighting operation hangs, consuming processor time without reported data exposure or modification.

CVSS severity8.7
High
EPSS probability2.76%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Infinite-loop denial of service in Pygments 1.5 through 2.7.3 allows attackers to hang syntax highlighting with crafted SML input. The SMLLexer zero-width lookahead for the exception keyword transitions back into the same lexer state without consuming input. Exploitation requires an application to submit attacker-controlled Standard ML text to SMLLexer; the affected highlighting operation hangs, consuming processor time without reported data exposure or modification.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-20270
Published
Mar 23, 2021
Updated
Aug 3, 2024
Vendor
Pygments
Product
Pygments
Classifications
CWE-835, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 23, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 3, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=python-pygments 2.7.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Pygments · Pygmentsversion=python-pygments 2.7.4

Published CVSS scores

8.7GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.0NIST NVDAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-835Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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