CVE-2020-1961Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Remote code execution via JEXL template injection

Published May 4, 2020 · Updated Aug 4, 2024

Template injection in Apache Syncope 2.0.0 through 2.0.14 and 2.1.0 through 2.1.5 allows remote attackers to execute code. Mail-template evaluation lets JEXL expressions obtain Class objects through boxed-type TYPE fields, then use reflection to instantiate arbitrary objects. The expression executes when a crafted template is rendered; same-origin Core and EndUser deployments also permit an administrator-click delivery chain.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability4.64%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Template injection in Apache Syncope 2.0.0 through 2.0.14 and 2.1.0 through 2.1.5 allows remote attackers to execute code. Mail-template evaluation lets JEXL expressions obtain Class objects through boxed-type TYPE fields, then use reflection to instantiate arbitrary objects. The expression executes when a crafted template is rendered; same-origin Core and EndUser deployments also permit an administrator-click delivery chain.

The record

CVE
CVE-2020-1961
Published
May 4, 2020
Updated
Aug 4, 2024
Vendor
The Apache Software Foundation
Product
Apache Syncope
Classifications
CWE-74, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 4, 2020CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 4, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=Apache Syncope 2.0.X releases prior to 2.0.15, 2.1.X releases prior to 2.1.6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The Apache Software Foundation · Apache Syncopeversion=Apache Syncope 2.0.X releases prior to 2.0.15, 2.1.X releases prior to 2.1.6

Published CVSS scores

9.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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