CVE-2012-4451Network attack vector

Cross-site scripting via context-inappropriate output escaping

Published Jan 3, 2020 · Updated Aug 6, 2024

Cross-site scripting in Zend Framework 2.0.x before 2.0.1 allows remote attackers to inject script through affected output helpers. The Debug, PubSubHubbub, XML formatter, tag-cloud, URI, and view-helper paths apply generic or incomplete escaping instead of context-specific HTML, attribute, or URL escaping. Exploitation requires an application to pass attacker-controlled values through an affected path and a user to render the output, enabling script execution in that user's browser.

CVSS severity6.1
Medium
EPSS probability1.37%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Cross-site scripting in Zend Framework 2.0.x before 2.0.1 allows remote attackers to inject script through affected output helpers. The Debug, PubSubHubbub, XML formatter, tag-cloud, URI, and view-helper paths apply generic or incomplete escaping instead of context-specific HTML, attribute, or URL escaping. Exploitation requires an application to pass attacker-controlled values through an affected path and a user to render the output, enabling script execution in that user's browser.

The record

CVE
CVE-2012-4451
Published
Jan 3, 2020
Updated
Aug 6, 2024
Vendor
Zend
Product
Zend Framework
Classifications
CWE-79, T1059.007
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 3, 2020CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 6, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.0.x before 2.0.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Zend · Zend Frameworkversion=2.0.x before 2.0.1

Published CVSS scores

4.3NIST NVDAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N
6.1NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
T1059.007JavaScript/JScript

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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