CVE-2012-10046Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via unsanitized id parameter

Published Aug 8, 2025 · Updated Apr 7, 2026

Command injection in ESVA E-Mail Security Virtual Appliance ESVA_2057 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands. The unauthenticated learn-msg.cgi handler passes the id parameter to a shell without neutralizing metacharacters, so a pipe-prefixed value is executed. Network access to the CGI endpoint is the only gate, and successful exploitation grants command execution on the underlying Unix appliance.

CVSS severity9.3
Critical
EPSS probability2.93%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in ESVA E-Mail Security Virtual Appliance ESVA_2057 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands. The unauthenticated learn-msg.cgi handler passes the id parameter to a shell without neutralizing metacharacters, so a pipe-prefixed value is executed. Network access to the CGI endpoint is the only gate, and successful exploitation grants command execution on the underlying Unix appliance.

The record

CVE
CVE-2012-10046
Published
Aug 8, 2025
Updated
Apr 7, 2026
Vendor
ESVA Project
Product
E-Mail Security Virtual Appliance
Classifications
CWE-78, CAPEC-88, T1059.004, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 8, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 7, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=ESVA_2057

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

ESVA Project · E-Mail Security Virtual Applianceversion=ESVA_2057

Published CVSS scores

9.3VulnCheckCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CAPEC-88OS Command Injection
T1059.004Unix Shell
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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